Random Samplings

Men in Nursing Occupations

Posted on February 25, 2013 by jennifer

Written by: Liana Christin Landivar

In 2011, there were 330,000 men employed as nurses in the United States – about 9 percent of all nurses.

Though now seen as a predominately female occupation, men had significant representation in nursing until the 1800s because of the early association between nursing and the military and religious orders. As the need for nurses expanded during the Civil War along with a shortage of men to provide nursing care, women were allowed to fill the gap. By the early 1900s, many nursing schools only admitted women and the newly-formed Army Nurse Corps and Navy Nurse Corps were limited to women. Men were not allowed to serve as nurses until after the Korean War. As such, men’s representation in nursing experienced significant decline in the 1900s.

However, men’s representation in nursing has been growing since the 1970s. A predicted shortage of nurses has increased recruiting and occupational retraining efforts to increase the pool of employable workers in this field. These efforts have included recruiting men into nursing. Schools are now actively pursuing higher male enrollment in their nursing programs. The relatively high wages and expanding job opportunities makes this field attractive, offering stability even during recessions.

Figure 1 shows the increase in men’s representation among registered nurses and licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses since 1970. About 2.7 percent of registered nurses were men in 1970 compared with 9.6 percent in 2011. Men’s representation among licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses grew from 3.9 percent in 1970 to 8.1 percent in 2011.¹

Figure 1. Percentage of Nurses Who Are Men From 1970 to 2011

1The difference between the 2011 estimate and the 2000 and 2006 estimates for percentage of licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses who are men is not statistically significant.

Until recently, the Census Bureau did not collect refined categories of nursing, preventing nuanced analyses of trends in nursing. Starting in 2010, the Census Bureau split the occupational category of registered nurse into four occupations: registered nurse, nurse anesthetist, nurse midwife, and nurse practitioner. We are now able to examine men’s representation in more specific nursing occupations. Because educational requirements, job tasks, and earnings vary significantly by type of nurse occupation, it is important to look at trends in more refined occupational categories.

Men in Nursing Occupations

Men are more likely to be found in highly-paid nursing occupations. Although women make up a disproportionate share of all nursing occupations, men’s representation is highest among nurse anesthetists. About 41 percent of nurse anesthetists are men. Figure 2 shows men’s median earnings in each of the nursing occupations along with their representation in each of the nursing categories. Nurse anesthetists earn more than twice as much as the average for all nursing occupations. Male nurse anesthetists earn, on average, $162,900 per year, while men’s average earnings for all nursing occupations is $60,700 per year.

Figure 2. Male Median Earnings by Percent Male in Nursing Occupations: 2011

Among men and women in the same nursing occupations, men outearn women. Figure 3 shows that women working full-time, year-round earn 93 cents for every dollar men earn as registered nurses, 89 cents to the dollar among nurse anesthetists, 87 cents to the dollar among nurse practitioners, and 91 cents to the dollar among licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses.^* While women’s earnings in nursing fields are not on parity with men’s, the wage gap is smaller than the average across all occupations: 77 cents to the dollar.

Figure 3. Female Earnings as a Percentage of Men’s Earnings among Full-Time, Year-Round Nurses: 2011^*

*The difference in female earnings between nurse practitioners, nurse anesthetists, licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses, and registered nurses is not statistically significant.

This report is based on a new set of tables that present selected characteristics of men and women in nursing occupations. These tables provide estimates on employment status, age, race, Hispanic origin, citizenship, educational attainment, work hours, time of departure to work, median earnings, industry, and class of worker by sex for registered nurses, nurse anesthetists, nurse practitioners, and licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses. The tables are available on the Census Bureau’s Industry and Occupation Statistics Web site at http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/ioindex/reports.html.

Posted in Health Care | Tagged American Community Survey, nurses | Leave a comment

Acquiring Work Experience with Age

Posted on February 12, 2013 by jennifer

Written by: Rebecca Chenevert and Daniel Litwok

In the workplace, we expect age to be an important factor in how much people are paid—as we get older, we gain experience and our value to employers increases. However, that expectation may not hold for those who leave the workforce for an extended period of time, for reasons including raising children or getting additional education.

We can study the link between age and experience through the Census Bureau’s Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), which asks people detailed questions about their current and past employment. The answers respondents provide make it possible to see how age, education, experience and earnings relate to each other.

Figure 1 shows work experience by age separately for men and women and for levels of educational attainment.

We can see that women have similar levels of experience as men early in their careers. However, on average, women accumulate experience more slowly starting around age 25. This information comes from the 2008 SIPP and is consistent with mothers staying home with young children more often than fathers do (for additional information on the ages of mothers and those who stay home, see America’s Families and Living Arrangements: 2007 and Births: Final Data for 2008).

We also found that working-age people without a high school degree (or equivalent) spend less time working than their peers. High school graduates of every age group have more work experience than people without degrees in the same age group. The difference grows as they age; people without a high school diploma gain an additional 4.6 years of experience as they age from 22 to 30. Those with a diploma gain an average of 5.9 years of experience.

The SIPP data have rich information about earnings. For information about how work experience and length of time with a particular employer is associated with earnings, please see www.census.gov/people/laborforce/.

For detailed statistics by age, experience and job tenure, please see www.census.gov/people/laborforce/publications/employment_history.html.

Posted in Economy, Education | 1 Comment

New Ways to Find a Fact

Posted on January 29, 2013 by jennifer

Written by: Jeff Sisson

Have you ever wondered about the median income of your hometown? Or maybe you just want to know the population. These are some of the questions our data users often ask, and it is feedback we are listening to as we continue to evolve American FactFinder from the version first released two years ago. Over the past 12 months, we have been working to improve American FactFinder based on feedback we have received since the initial launch in January 2011.

Today we released two enhancements to help FactFinder users find the statistics they need, whether they are experienced with our site or brand new to it. Community Facts will give users easy access to data about a state, city, town or ZIP code. Once you enter a geography, just hit “go” and you will have immediate access to popular facts, such as total population, median age, educational attainment, median household income and individuals below the poverty level. For example, when I look up my hometown of Ithaca, New York (the town of Ithaca), I find the median income is $60,029.

You can then explore related tables linked below each fact to see more statistics from popular data sets, such as the American Community Survey, which provides annual detailed local-level statistics for even the smallest areas.

In addition, if you need a little more help navigating to a specific statistic, you can now use our Guided Search feature. It will lead you step by step through your search, starting with asking you what type of information you need (such as information about people, housing or business and industry) and then asking you to narrow down by topic, geography (such as a city, town or even census tract), and in some cases races or ethnicity. If you are not familiar with using our data, this may be the option for you.

For experienced data users, never fear, you can still use the FactFinder you are familiar with by going to the Advanced Search option. And while not as significant as Community Facts or Guided Navigation, we have improved advanced search by enhancing the Search Within Results features as well as other minor enhancements. In addition, you will now find a link from the FactFinder home page to download options, which provides information about the various ways you can download data from American FactFinder, as well as links to other download resources.

These updates are based on your feedback and are just one of the ways we are making our statistics and information easier to find, share, download and customize.

As we continue to measure America’s people, places and economy, we are giving you a variety of tools to access the data. The API we released last summer provides developers with the opportunity to create their own apps using Census Bureau data. Casual users can also find answers to a variety of data questions from visiting the census.gov homepage and using either QuickFacts or Easy Stats.

Posted in Data Tools | Leave a comment

2012 Economic Census Webinar Assists in Your Response

Posted on January 24, 2013 by jennifer

Written by: Bill Bostic

The 2012 Economic Census is now in full swing and businesses throughout the U.S. have received the questionnaire. On Jan. 24, 2013, at 1 p.m. EST, we will host our second webinar. This hour-long instructional webinar provides information for businesses who are preparing to respond to the 2012 Economic Census. The webinar will cover the following topics:

Your reporting options, including our NEW Direct Internet Reporting system and a demo of this tool
Tours of the Business Help Site and business.census.gov websites
Materials available to help make reporting easier
Information for associations, chambers of commerce, and the media to use to promote response to the economic census

No preregistration is required. For more information on how to participate, visit the webinar page at business.census.gov/webinar.

Our first economic census webinar was held on Oct. 11, 2012, and focused on why businesses should respond to the 2012 Economic Census and how industry organizations could assist them. If you missed the first webinar, you can find links to the presentation and other materials at business.census.gov/webinar.

Forms went out to nearly 4 million businesses, including large, medium and small companies representing all U.S. locations and industries. To create a snapshot of the American economy, the census asks businesses to provide basic information on revenue, employment and payroll, and industry-specific topics such as the products and services they provide.

This information provides reliable business statistics that are essential to understanding the American economy. Businesses use economic census data to compare their operations to industry norms, find markets, and to inform key decisions, including are your employees as productive as the industry average?

Mark your calendar now, and find out why response makes a difference!

Posted in Economy | Leave a comment

Census Data Mapper: Beta Version Now Available

Posted on January 22, 2013 by jennifer

Written by: Stephen F. Jones

Are you interested in creating maps that display 2010 Census Population and Housing data for use in reports, presentations, or general viewing? If so, then the Census Data Mapper is an application you should explore. The beta version of the application is now available for use at the following URL: http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/maps/datamapper.html.

This web mapping application provides users with a simple interface to view, customize, save and print thematic maps of the United States, using data from the 2010 Census. The beta version contains a set of 2010 Census data relating to age and sex, population and race, and family and housing in the United States by county or equivalent entity. The map design and layout were created by Census Bureau cartographers and are similar to that used on standard Census Bureau map products.

Software Functionality

Users can customize the map display by choosing the number of data classes, selecting from a series of predefined fill colors, and selecting the type of data classification.

The interface also allows users to explore the data sets by viewing information on the map and in tabular form. Selecting a geographic unit on the map will result in the corresponding value in the data table being highlighted and vice versa.

Maps created within the application can be saved to your computer in PDF format and subsequently viewed and printed through Adobe Acrobat Reader. The PDF will be a finished map product containing only the map image, and not the other graphics from the web page, and suitable for use in presentations and reports.

Future Plans

The current beta version of the software contains just over 20 data items from the 2010 Census, but future versions will include many more and may also include other data sets. Future versions may also include data and maps for different levels of census geography.

For future software releases, we are exploring new ways to improve the quality of the map and reduce file size.

The Census Bureau is interested in getting feedback from users on the usefulness of the application and desired future enhancements. We hope you will provide us with your comments, suggestions, and future needs so we can improve the product in future releases. Please email responses and feedback to geo.geography@census.gov.

Posted in Geography, Uncategorized | Leave a comment